In odd moments I am reading Donald R. Morris’s The
Washing of the Spears (1965),
the helpful subtitle of which is The Rise and Fall of the Zulu Nation.
Amazon.com no less helpfully tells us that “this unsurpassed history details the
sixty-year existence of the world’s mightiest African empire—from its brutal
formation and zenith under the military genius Shaka (1787-1828), through its
inevitable collision with white expansionism, to its dissolution under
Cetshwayo in the [Anglo-]Zulu War of 1879.”
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History buffs will remember the names of
that war’s two famous battles, Isandhlwana, according to Wikipedia the “single
greatest defeat for the British Army at the hands of a native army,” and
Rorke’s Drift, a brave British hold-out against an overwhelmingly superior
force that enabled the preservation of some national self-respect. It was
followed by the awarding of eleven Victoria Crosses, the highest British award
for valour in the face of the enemy, an act perhaps having a slightly politic
component. Movie enthusiasts will remember Zulu Dawn (1979), a not very commercially
successful film about Isandhlwana, and Zulu (1964), a hit about Rorke’s Drift. I
am no historian, and am, anyway, presently much nearer the beginning of
Morris’s book than the end but it seems superb, a vigorous narration of an
absorbing, if finally tragic, tale.
The first chapter, after a
“Prologue,” is entitled “The Bantu.” Morris describes what we know about Bantu
provenance, which apparently isn’t very much (“No one knows from whence the
Bantu came, and by the time modern man turned a scientific scrutiny on the
problem a century ago, the layers of evidence were irrevocably tangled”), their
social structure (subdivisions divided into clans, and kraals “inhabited by a single
family”), and their sometimes self-destructive superstitions (a warrior who
killed an enemy soldier had to undergo an elaborate “cleansing process” that
involved going back to his own kraal, so military campaigns tended to be
short). But what stopped me in my tracks were four paragraphs about Bantu, i.e.
Zulu, belief in the strength and ubiquity of witchcraft. The italics in what
follows are mine.
Witchcraft was universal. All illness, and indeed all evil, was
caused by . . . wizards who made use of primal forces. . . . The
unfortunate host would be quite unaware of the parasite until a witch doctor
pointed it out . . . .
An accusation of witchcraft was fatal; once the wizard had been
smelled, no defense was possible, and because the host was quite unwitting, no
plea of ignorance, purity of action, or innocence of action could stand.
Whenever the presence of [a wizard] was suspected, the chieftain would summon
the entire male membership of the clan, which assembled in a large circle with
the witch doctors in the center. These worthies . . . paused in front of each
man, sniffing and howling, passing on and suddenly darting back to terrorize
anew someone just starting to breathe again . . . . The volume [of the witch
doctors’ chant] peaked as [they] passed, and died away beyond the suspect. . .
. [They] were merely sounding out public opinion, cleverly reinforcing nuances
of sound until they were certain their choice met with popular approval—a rich
but miserly kraal head, or the transgressor of some social taboo.
The witch doctors would pass him and return, until finally they were leaping
and screaming before some poor wretch on his knees. Bounding clean over him,
they flicked him with a gnu’s tail, whereupon he was at once dragged off to
have sharpened stakes pounded up his rectum, while an impi [“regiment” or
“army”] was dispatched to exterminate his family root and branch, destroy his
crops, and burn his kraal.
Finally, “Witch doctors also waxed
fat on private practice. They were called in as consultants for every form of
minor crisis, and rarely failed to secure the payment of at least a goat. The
vicious grip in which they held the people was made possible by an implicit and
universal belief in magic; not even the victim of a smelling-out was
indignant. He might register horror or fear or remorse, but not
even in his final painful moments did he doubt the existence of the wizard that
had possessed him.”
"The Ubiquity of
Irrational Fear": Doubtless you can see where
I’m going with this. The ubiquity of an irrational fear, the catastrophic
consequences of being found the unwitting host of an evil parasite, the
submission of the victims to the onslaught against them, a priestly class that
acquires and keeps material goods and power by means of officious intervention.
Sounds like the West over the last forty years or so, does it not? It sounds in
particular like elite segments of government, the university, and the media.
A few examples. My account of
the first is taken pretty closely from Wikipedia, which is trustworthy for this
sort of thing at least. Notoriously, in 1999, David Howard, an aide to the
mayor of Washington, D.C., used the word “niggardly” in reference to a budget.
A black colleague heard the word, or claimed to have heard it, as a racial
slur, and made a formal complaint. “Howard
tendered his resignation, and [the mayor] accepted it” (my italics
again). After a public brouhaha, Howard was offered his old job back; he
refused the offer but agreed to accept another position with his former boss,
“insisting,” in the words of Wikipedia, “that he did not feel victimized by the
incident. On the contrary, Howard felt that he had learned from the situation.
‘I used to think it would be great if we could all be colorblind; that’s naïve,
especially for a white person, because a white person can’t [sic for “can”] afford to be colorblind.
They don’t have to think about race every day. An African American does.’” It
must be conceded that many commentators found the controversy absurd, the head
of the NAACP, no less, saying, “David Howard should not have quit. Mayor
Williams should bring him back—and order dictionaries issued to all staff who
need them.” But then again this was seventeen years ago.
Two more contemporary
examples, and when I say contemporary I mean occurring over the last month or
so (I’m writing this in mid-August). A certain Rohini Sethi, vice president of
the Student Government Association of the University of Houston, so far forgot
the environment in which she lives and the nature of some of those amongst whom
she lives as to post on Facebook, “Forget #BlackLivesMatter; more like
#AllLivesMatter” after five Dallas police officers were shot dead during a BLM
rally. Blake Neff’s article in The Daily Caller (31 July) reports “numerous UH
students denounced [the comment] as incredibly offensive or even hateful,” one
of them, Nala Hughes, going so far as to observe, “Just for her to say, ‘forget
Black Lives Matter,’ is a punch in the stomach.’” Sethi made an attempt to
combine an apology with a justification of her words: “My response has caused
enormous pain for many members of our community, and I think it is high time
that I clarify my statement. . . . Let’s create the possibility of a culture
rooted in open discussion” (Bob Price, Breitbart, 1 August). Although some
students defended her, there followed a maliciously careful and detailed
attempt to impose upon Sethi a protracted public humiliation. Shane Smith,
president of the SGA, was allowed to sidestep the usual procedures and come up
with a five-part punishment. I quote Neff again:
• A 50-day suspension from
SGA starting August 1. This suspension will be unpaid (she currently receives a
stipend of about $700 a month).
• A requirement to attend a three-day diversity workshop in mid-August.
• A requirement to attend three “UH cultural events” each month from September through March, excluding December.
• An order to write a “letter of reflection” about how her harmful actions have impacted SGA and the UH student body.
• An order to put on a public presentation Sept. 28 detailing “the knowledge she has gained about cultural issues facing our society.”
• A requirement to attend a three-day diversity workshop in mid-August.
• A requirement to attend three “UH cultural events” each month from September through March, excluding December.
• An order to write a “letter of reflection” about how her harmful actions have impacted SGA and the UH student body.
• An order to put on a public presentation Sept. 28 detailing “the knowledge she has gained about cultural issues facing our society.”
Furthermore, “If Sethi
refuses or fails any of the requirements, she will be kicked out of SGA
entirely.” Sethi commented, “I disagree with the sanctions taken against me by
my SGA . . . . I have apologized for my words . . . . Even so, I will abide by
the sanctions for as long as they are in place.”
Last example. It will be
remembered that nine black mothers whose children had died, some in
circumstances involving the police, were invited onto the stage at the
Democratic National Convention. Bob Goosman, his feelings doubtless exacerbated
by the fact that he was then a meteorologist in the Dallas area, took to
Facebook: “As many of you have probably noticed, I’ve stayed away from politics
on FB. The DNC parading the mothers of slain thugs around on their stage has me
furious.” Two days later he was out of a job. I have found two sets of comments
made by Goosman about his use of the word “thug,” published within a day of
each other. Although this appears second (1 August, gop.usa, but originating in
the Fort Worth Star-Telegram), perhaps it was made
first: “It was frustration that I believe the DNC party will do anything, like
using these mothers, to garner votes . . . . Some have said the word ‘thug’ is
a racial term. [But] it means a violent person, as in a criminal. It does not
mention color. Anyone can become a thug. If some want to make this statement
out to be something else, I cannot control that.” The second (theblaze.com 31
July) is more sensitive to contemporary susceptibilities:
Regarding his use of the term 'thugs,' Goosman said he wasn’t
aware it carried racial overtones for some.
'I thought a thug was just a violent person. The definition of
thug does not mention any race . . . . I will say that I talked with an African
American acquaintance and he told me that he feels like when he hears the word,
it is in reference to an African American individual. I had NO IDEA.'
Goosman confirmed his resignation as well but said he would’ve
been fired 'and rightly so.'
'What I say online, no matter where, reflects upon my station
and employer. KRLD is a great station . . . and I am sorry if they have had to
deal with all the repercussions.'
Brought to heel. For what
it’s worth, I’ve lived in the US for twenty-seven years and thought I
understood American English. I too had NO IDEA that the word “thug” implies an
African American but then “The unfortunate host would be quite unaware of the
parasite until a witch doctor pointed it out.”
My three examples above all
deal with race, a subject of notorious sensitivity in today’s US. A couple of
months ago I was in a local convenience store. The guy behind the counter,
picking up on my English accent, asked me if I’m interested in soccer. He then
immediately assured me that he wasn’t being “racist.” (Oh, and I “happen to be”
white, incidentally.) I understood him. Say the wrong thing, no matter how
innocently, and you could lose your livelihood, as Bob Goosman found out (he
apparently doesn’t intend to try for another job in the media), and perhaps
your savings, and your house, and your reputation. Our society’s “witch
doctors” are vigilant, and getting far more for their pains than the occasional
goat. But I could easily have chosen three, or three dozen, illustrations of
the dangers of misspeaking about what I’m apparently supposed to call gender:
feminism, homosexuality, and, nowadays, transgenderism. On another
occasion, perhaps.
Let’s look on the bright
side. Howard and Sethi and Goosman have been taught their place, doubtless a
cause of grim satisfaction or even unabashed jubilation to their tormentors.
However, they haven’t had sharpened stakes hammered up their arses. But that’s
just because the aforementioned tormentors haven’t thought of that
yet.
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